Atmospheric pollution. PM 10, lead and benzene
PM 10 (1) Particulate material | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Vigilance and Air Control Network. Towns/cities of location | Annual average (2) | Percentil 90,4 (3) | Lead annual average (ng/m³) (4) | Benzene annual average (5) |
Alcanar (Depuradora) | 37 | 60 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Alcanar (Llar de Jubilats) | 18 | 28 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Amposta (Sant Domènec - Itàlia) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Badalona (Assemblea de Catalunya) | 24 | 36 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Badalona (Guàrdia Urbana) | 23 | 35 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Barberà del Vallès (ajuntament) | 27 | 39 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Barcelona (el Poblenou) | 29 | 43 | 11.0 | 1.8 |
Barcelona (el Port Vell) | 26 | 41 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Barcelona (Gràcia - Sant Gervasi) | 26 | 38 | 10.0 | 2.6 |
Barcelona (IES Goya) | 21 | 31 | 10.1 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Barcelona (IES Verdaguer) | 29 | 44 | 10.4 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Barcelona (l'Eixample) | 27 | 40 | 10.6 | 3.1 |
Barcelona (parc de la Vall d'Hebron) | 20 | 30 | 10.1 | 1.4 |
Barcelona (pl. de la Universitat) | 29 | 42 | 10.4 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Barcelona (Sants) | 26 | 39 | 10.6 | 1.1 |
Barcelona (Zona Universitària) | 22 | 31 | 10.1 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Begur (Centre d'Estudis del Mar) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Bellver de Cerdanya (CEIP Mare de Déu de Talló) | 18 | 30 | 1.7 | 1.2 |
Berga (IES Guillem de Berguedà) | 14 | 21 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Berga (poliesportiu) | 19 | 28 | 2.1 | 1.0 |
Breda (Raval Salvà) | 19 | 27 | 5.4 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Caldes de Montbui | 19 | 27 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Cap de Creus (EMEP) | 16 | 23 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Cassà de la Selva (ajuntament) | 26 | 45 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Castellar del Vallès (cal Masaveu) | 18 | 27 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Castellbisbal (CEIP Mare de Déu de Montserrat) | 26 | 36 | 4.1 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Constantí (Gaudí) | 20 | 30 | 2.5 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
El Papiol (centre de dia Josep Tarradellas) | 28 | 40 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
El Prat de Llobregat (CEM Sagnier) | 24 | 35 | 20.1 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
El Prat de Llobregat (jardins de la pau) | 32 | 43 | 10.4 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Els Torms (EMEP) | 12 | 20 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Esplugues de Llobregat (CEIP Isidre Martí) | 21 | 29 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Gavà (parc del Mil·leni) | 18 | 24 | 18.1 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Girona (Escola de Música) | 22 | 33 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.2 |
Granollers (Francesc Macià) | 31 | 49 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Igualada (la Masuca) | 22 | 34 | 2.7 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Juneda (Pla del Molí) | 22 | 35 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
L'Ametlla de Mar (escola nàutica) | 13 | 22 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
L'Arboç (CEIP Sant Julià) | 22 | 34 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (av. del Torrent Gornal) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
La Bisbal d'Empordà (ajuntament) | 24 | 36 | 4.7 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
La Sénia (repetidor) | 14 | 22 | 1.8 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Lleida (Irurita - Pius XII) | 32 | 47 | 3.5 | 1.2 |
Manlleu (hospital comarcal) | 32 | 62 | 20.2 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Manresa (ajuntament) | 23 | 36 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Manresa (CEIP La Font) | 27 | 41 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Manresa (pl. d'Espanya) | 24 | 35 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Martorell (Canyameres - Claret) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Mataró (el Cros) | 21 | 30 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Mataró (laboratori d'aigües) | 19 | 32 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Mataró (Pablo Iglesias) | 21 | 34 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Mataró (passeig dels Molins) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.1 |
Molins de Rei (ajuntament) | 28 | 40 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Mollet del Vallès (pista d'atletisme) | 28 | 49 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Montcada i Reixac (ajuntament) | 29 | 41 | 7.2 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Montcada i Reixac (can Sant Joan) | 26 | 40 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Montornès del Vallès (CEIP Marinada) | 24 | 39 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Montseny (la Castanya) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Pallejà (Roca de Vilana) | 27 | 40 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Perafort | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.2 |
Ponts (Ponent) | 21 | 31 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Reus (el Tallapedra) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Rubí (ca n'Oriol) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.1 |
Rubí (l'Escardívol) | 27 | 41 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sabadell (Gran Via) | 27 | 42 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.2 |
Sant Adrià de Besòs (Olímpic) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sant Andreu de la Barca (CEIP Josep Pla) | 31 | 44 | 9.7 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sant Celoni (Carles Damm) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.2 |
Sant Cugat del Vallès (parc de Sant Francesc) | 26 | 39 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sant Feliu de Llobregat (CEIP Martí i Pol) | 22 | 32 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Eugeni d'Ors) | 29 | 40 | 16.3 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sant Just Desvern | 22 | 35 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sant Vicenç dels Horts (CEIP Mare de Déu del Rocio) | 32 | 47 | 14.2 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Balldovina) | 27 | 39 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Santa Margarida i els Monjos (els Monjos) | 20 | 31 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Santa Margarida i els Monjos (la Ràpita) | 20 | 32 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Santa Perpètua de Mogoda (Onze de Setembre) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sentmenat (ajuntament) | 23 | 37 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sitges (Vallcarca - Oficines) | 25 | 41 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Sort | 14 | 24 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
St. Vicenç dels Horts (Àlaba) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Súria (CEIP Francesc Macià) | 36 | 47 | 5.3 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Tarragona (parc de la Ciutat) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.1 |
Tarragona (Bonavista) | 21 | 30 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Tarragona (sant Salvador) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Tarragona (Universitat Laboral) | 21 | 32 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.6 |
Terrassa (mina pública d'aigües) | 18 | 28 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Terrassa (Pare Alegre) | 23 | 34 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Tiana (ajuntament) | 21 | 29 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
Tona (IES Tona) | 23 | 35 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Tona (zona esportiva) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant (viver) | 14 | 23 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Vic (centre cívic Santa Anna) | 30 | 54 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Viladecans (Atrium) | 20 | 29 | 18.3 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Vilafranca del Penedès (zona esportiva) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Vilanova del Camí (Horts) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Vilanova i la Geltrú (ajuntament) | 21 | 30 | 3.5 | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Vilanova i la Geltrú (centre cívic Tacó) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | 1.0 |
Vilanova i la Geltrú (pl. de les Danses de Vilanova) | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available | .. Confidential data, low reliability or not available |
Vila-seca (RENFE) | 24 | 36 | 3.7 | 0.9 |
Units: µg/m³. | ||||
Source: Ministry of Territory and Sustainability. | ||||
Notes: | ||||
(1) The : indicates that there is no data available on this pollutant. | ||||
(2) VLa (value of annual limit for the protection of human health): 40 µg/m³. | ||||
(3) The percentile 90.4 of the daily data is calculated as an indicator of surpassing or not the VLd, taking into consideration amount of data, i.e. 35 cases of surpassing the daily value of 50 µg/m³ out of a total of 365 data cases (one each day), is equivalent to 9.6% of the daily averages being greater than 50 µg/m³ and, therefore, the P90.4 being greater than this value. | ||||
(4) VLa value of annual limit for the protection of human health): 500 ng/m³. | ||||
(5) VLa value of annual limit for the protection of human health): 5 µg/m³. | ||||
(..) Confidential data, low reliability or not available. |
Last update: July 31, 2018.
Methodological note
Definition of concepts
- Atmospheric pollution
- Degradation of the atmosphere produced when its composition contains alien substances or higher than usual amounts of the elements that it is normally composed of. The main pollutants are: chlorine, sulphur dioxides, flue gases, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, particles in total suspension and lead.
- Flue gases
- Atmospheric pollutants produced by combustion (heating, incineration plants, fires, etc.). It is measured using a manual collector using the reflectometry method. The simultaneous presence of fumes and sulphur dioxide produces a much more harmful effect for the health than when they are separate, therefore the sulphur oxide limits are determined by the presence or not of flue gases.
- Total suspended particles (TSP)
- Pollutant particles present in the atmosphere and of a small size (sometimes microscopic), but larger than molecules. They are generated by combustion processes, either industrial or from vehicles. Those of between 5 and 20 µg are measured using the gravimetry method and are detected by a high volume collector. Flue gases form part of this group and are only different in that they not measured in the same way.
- Lead
- Element present in the air as a result of motor vehicles. It is measured using manual collectors of medium or high volume, and is later analysed by atomic absorption.
Methodological aspects
Of the processes involved in the atmospheric pollution the emission of pollutants has to be pointed out in first term. In the process of emission determinate amounts of one or several pollutants are launched at the atmosphere. Once issued at the atmosphere the pollutants remain there during a certain time, known as time of residence. This time of permanence at the atmosphere is related with their chemical reactivity, with the wash of the atmosphere made by the rain and the capacity of the environment to disperse them.
The last phase of the atmospheric pollution has to include the effects of the pollutants on the living beings, the structures (constructions, monuments...) and about the intrinsic properties of the atmosphere (reduction in visibility, alteration of the balance of heat of the earth|land-atmosphere system, alterations about the climate...).
Cycle of the atmospheric pollution
The pollution of the air is a process that starts with the emissions in the air on the part of the different polluting emitting focuses at the atmosphere. Once these substances are at the atmosphere they suffer different effects of transport and/or transformation. As a result of these processes, in a determinate point a determinate concentration of each pollutant, which is known as a level of immission, is given. The levels of immission or of quality of the air are those that determine the effect of a pollutant on health or the environment.
Therefore, to minimize the atmospheric pollution it is necessary, on the one hand, the control of the atmospheric emissions (emission levels) and, on the other one, the control and the surveillance of the presence of the pollutants in the air in different receptive points (immission levels).
On treating the problem of the atmospheric pollution it is necessary to have present that, even though there is a certain relationship between emission and immission, these parameters are not necessarily equivalents because between both there is a process of transport and dispersion through the atmosphere, that it can disperse or concentrate the pollutants or even to modify its nature.
The pollutant sources can be classified into three groups:
- Of natural origin (the emissions of a volcano).
- Of natural origin speeded by the human activity (for example, a fire).
- Of anthropogenic origin: it is the emission introduced into the atmosphere by the activity of the man (emissions of exhaust pipe of the cars, emissions of industrial activities, etc.).
The emissions are the amount of pollutant that ends up at the atmosphere from a source, as for example the nitrogen oxides issued by the punctual and mobile focus that represents a car, the sulphur dioxide that is issued through a chimney or the issued particles by a spread source, as the wind when it blows on a dry surface. However, the immissions are the concentration of the pollutant (or level) in each point of the territory, that is, what a person would breathe in that point.
The relationship between emission and immission is not direct. This means that for a same emission we can have an immission in a very different determinate point, since once the pollutant it has been issued at the atmosphere, it suffers physical and chemical transformations (especially transport and dispersion, but also chemical reactions, deposition, aggregation, etc.) depending on the state of the atmosphere and changing with time.
The air quality
The immissions are related with effects on health and the environment. As a result of evaluating these effects the air quality degree is established, that is inversely proportionate to the pollution or immission levels (to more pollution less quality).
Atmospheric pollution is generally measured in micrograms or milligrams per cubic metre of air. The main pollutants are PM 10, lead and benzene. Other compounds are also considered: hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which are measured by the automatic network. The main indicator is the air quality index (AQI).
The equivalence between units of measurement is:
1 g | 1,000 mg |
1 g | 1,000,000 µg |
1 g | 1,000,000,000 ng |
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